GRADE 11/12

Standards
Clarification and Examples
NUMBER SENSE - Grade 11/12  
1 Students understand the use of matrices to organize information and perform simple operations.  
1.1 Students use matrices to represent and organize data and identify and interpret the meaning of a matrix cell for a given context  
1.2 Students perform and interpret the meaning of matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication, scalar multiplication and the inverse and determinant in simple cases  
1.3 Students use matrices to represent and solve systems of two linear equations in two variables or three linear equations in three variables  
1.4 Students use matrices to translate, reflect, rotate, or scale polygonal figures represented on the coordinate plane  
GEOMETRY - Grade 11/12  
1 Students identify, give information about, and write equations for circles, parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. (  
1.1 Students determine the center and radius of a circle, the center, vertices, foci, and axes of an ellipse or hyperbola, and the vertex, axis of symmetry, focus, and directrix of a parabola given an equation in standard form and use this information to sketch a graph the figure  
1.2 Students identify a general quadratic equation in two variables (no xy term) as a circle, a parabola, an ellipse, or an hyperbola, and write these equations in standard form given information about the figures  
1.3 Students express translations and rotations of conic sections through corresponding changes to their equations  
2 Students use periodic functions and trigonometric relationships in geometric applications.  
2.1 Students use similarity, right triangles, the Law of Sines, and the Law of Cosines to determine measurements of objects which are difficult to measure directly  
SYMBOLS AND ALGEBRA - Grade 11/12  
1 Students perform operations with vectors in the coordinate plane and solve practical problems using vectors.  
1.1 Students add, subtract, find scalar products, dot products, and norms of vectors noting the field properties which apply  
1.2 Students determine, interpret, and use a unit directional vector, perpendicular components, and norms to express vectors in the coordinate plane  
1.3 Students graph and interpret complex numbers as vectors and in polar form  
1.4 Students graph polar equations (e.g., roses, lemniscates), analyze the results of parameter changes on the graphs, and classify the equations according to their graph  
FUNCTIONS - Grade 11/12  
1 Students investigate periodic behavior, identify the characteristics of, and graph trigonometric functions.  
1.1 Students understand and explain the relationship between triangle trigonometry and the unit circle/wrapping function approach to trigonometry  
1.2 Students find the exact values of the trigonometric functions of multiples of 30 degrees (pi/6) and 45 degrees (pi/4) and their related angles as found in the unit circle, including converting radians to degrees and vice versa  
1.3 Students given the value of one trigonometric function, find the values of other trigonometric functions  
1.4 Students solve trigonometric equations that include both infinite solutions and restricted domain solutions and solve basic trigonometric inequalities  
1.5 Students make substitutions using the basic trigonometric identities Trigonometric identities, including addition, double angle, and half-angle formulas
1.6 Students identify key characteristics (e.g., domain, range, amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift) of and graph trigonometric functions and their inverse  
1.7 Students analyze and solve problems involving periodic phenomena e.g., theoretically perfect biological rhythms, sound waves, and tidal variations
1.8 Students apply transformations to the graph of a trigonometric functions, predict and analyze the results on the graph of the function  
2 Students investigate, identify the characteristics of, and graph polynomial and rational functions.  
2.1 Students determine the zeros, y-intercepts, end behavior, relative maximum and minimum points, and symmetry of polynomial functions and graph them  
2.2 Students determine the zeros, asymptotes, y-intercepts, end behavior, relative maximum and minimum points, symmetry of rational functions and graph them  
2.3 Students determine the intervals where a polynomial function is increasing or decreasing  
2.4 Students given the graph of a function, graph its reciprocal  
2.5 Students analyze and explain the reasons behind the effect changing coefficients, exponents, and other parameters has on functions and their graphs  
3 Students use graphs to represent and describe continuity of functions  
3.1 Students graph and analyze step and piecewise defined functions  
3.2 Students define and apply the properties of limits of functions including infinite sequences, series, and areas under curves  
STATISTICS, DATA ANALYSIS, AND PROBABILITY - Grade 11/12  
1 Students demonstrate an understanding of experimental and theoretical probability in more complex situations.  
1.1 Students compute theoretical probability of compound, complementary, independent, and dependent events  
1.2 Students judge the validity of simulations to estimate probabilities of events  
1.3 Students describe the features of the normal curve and use it to compute percentiles and cumulative probabilities  
1.4 Students use the Central Limit Theorem and confidence intervals in the formation of conclusions based on sample data and justify conclusions reached  
MATHEMATICAL REASONING - Grade 11/12  
1 Students will relate properties of real numbers to functions and matrices and use deductive and inductive logic  
1.1 Students derive and prove standard algebraic formulas Derive the general form of a circle
1.2 Students apply and explain the method of mathematical induction Prove a formula for the sum of the first n consecutive even integers.
Prove a formula for n consecutive squares beginning with 16.
1.3 Students use direct and recursive methods to prove and derive formulas and statements Prove the binomial theorem and De Moivre's theorem
1.4 Students use properties from number systems to justify steps in combining and simplifying functions and matrices  
1.5 Students prove basic trigonometric identities and make substitutions using the basic identities Trigonometric identities including addition, double angle, and half-angle formulas


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